Salt phase diagram9/18/2023 ![]() Depending on the environment of the object, origin of the salts and past restorations/conservation measure, there may be other cations present, such as barium (Ba ++) or ammonium (NH 4 +), or anions, such as acetate (CH 3COO -). For the case of anions, the most frequently found are chloride (Cl -), sulfate (SO 4 =), nitrate (NO 3 -)and carbonate (CO 3 =). The most common cations are sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), magnesium (Mg ++) and calcium (Ca ++). Cultural heritage objects of porous, inorganic materials, such as buildings monuments, may be contaminated with salts. ![]() Both cations and anions can have one or more positive or negative charges but they must balance out in the salt. Salts are based on ionic compounds, having both positively charged ions (cations) and a negatively charged ions (anions). Mainly those salts relevant to cultural heritage objects are addressed. The key properties of salts and salt mixtures are described by means of phase and solubility diagrams. 8 Salt mixtures where a double salt may form.
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